a practical procedure to estimate the bearing capacity of footings on sand–application to 87 case studies

following the recent work of the authors in development and numerical verification of a new kinematic approach of the limit analysis for surface footings on non-associative materials, a practical procedure is proposed to utilize the theory. it is known that both the peak friction angle and dilation angle depend on the sand density as well as the stress level, which was not the concern of the former work.in the current work, a practical procedure is established to provide a better estimate of the bearing capacity of surface footings on sand which is often non-associative. this practical procedure is based on the results obtained theoretically and requires the density index and the critical state friction angle of the sand. the proposed practical procedure is a simple iterative computational procedure which relates the density index of the sand, stress level, dilation angle, peak friction angle and eventually the bearing capacity. the procedure is described and verified among available footing load test data.